Al-Fouzan K, Al-Garawi Z, Al-Hezaimi K, Javed F, Al-Shalan T, Rotstein I. Effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate to apical dentin: microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis. 

Int J Oral Sci. 2013 Jan;4(4):202-7. doi: 10.1038/ijos.2012.77. 

Abstract

The present investigation assessed the effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of white- and gray-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to apical dentin using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sixty-four extracted single-rooted human maxillary teeth were used. Following root-end resection and apical preparation, the teeth were equally divided into four groups according to the following root end filling materials: (i) white-colored MTA (WMTA), (ii) etched WMTA (EWMTA), (iii) gray-colored MTA (GMTA) and (iv) etched GMTA (EGMTA). After 48 h, the interface between root-end filling materials and the dentinal walls was assessed using micro-CT and SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Micro-CT analysis revealed gap volumes between the apical cavity dentin walls and EGMTA, GMTA, EWMTA and WMTA of (0.007 1±0.004) mm(3), (0.053±0.002) mm(3), (0.003 6±0.001) mm(3) and (0.005 9±0.002) mm(3) respectively. SEM analysis revealed gap sizes for EGMTA, WMTA, EWMTA and GMTA to be (492.3±13.8) µm, (594.5±17.12) µm, (543.1±15.33) µm and (910.7±26.2) µm respectively. A significant difference in gap size between root end preparations filled with GMTA and EGMTA was found (P<0.05). No significance difference in gap size between WMTA and EWMTA were found in either SEM or micro-CT analysis. In conclusion, pre-etching of apical dentin can provide a better seal for GMTA but not for WMTA.

Wondimu Z, Omrani S, Ishikawa T, Javed F, Oikawa Y, Virtanen I, Juronen E, Ingerpuu S, Patarroyo M. A Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Human Laminin α5 Chain Strongly Inhibits Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion and Migration on Laminins 511 and 521.

PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053648. Epub 2013 Jan 7.

Abstract

Laminins, a large family of αβγ heterotrimeric proteins mainly found in basement membranes, are strong promoters of adhesion and migration of multiple cell types, such as tumor and immune cells, via several integrin receptors. Among laminin α (LMα) chains, α5 displays the widest tissue distribution in adult life and is synthesized by most cell types. Here, we have generated and characterized five novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the human LMα5 chain to further study the biological relevance of α5 laminins, such as laminins 511 (α5β1γ1) and 521 (α5β2γ1). As detected by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, each antibody displayed unique properties when compared to mAb 4C7, the prototype LMα5 antibody. Of greatest interest, mAb 8G9, but not any other antibody, strongly inhibited α3β1/α6β1 integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of glioma, melanoma, and carcinoma cells on laminin-511 and, together with mAb 4C7, on laminin-521. Accordingly, mAb 8G9 abolished the interaction of soluble α3β1 integrin with immobilized laminins 511 and 521. Binding of mAb 8G9 to laminin-511 was unaffected by the other mAbs to the LMα5 chain but largely hindered by mAb 4E10 to a LMβ1 chain epitope near the globular domain of laminin-511. Thus, mAb 8G9 defines a novel epitope localized at or near the integrin-binding globular domain of the LMα5 chain, which is essential for cell adhesion and migration, and identifies a potential therapeutic target in malignant and inflammatory diseases.

Yasmin Parpio, Salima Farooq, Saleema Gulzar, Ambreen Tharani, Fawad Javed, Tazeen Saeed Ali. Factors associated with stress among adolescents in the city of Nawabshah, Pakistan
JPMA 62: 1209; 2012

Objective: To identify the risk factors of stress among school-going adolescents in rural Nawabshah, Pakistan.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2005, comprising 800 school-going children of 10-16
years of age in Nawabshah, through simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured
questionnaire to assess the potential risk factors of stress. A modified version of Perceived stress scale was
utilized to measure stress level. SPSS 12 was used for statistical analysis, while multiple linear regression
analysis was run to identify the factors associated with stress in the study population.
Results: Of the total, 529 (66%) children belonged to state-run schools while 271 (34%) were studying at private facilities. The mean age was 13.7±1.3 years. The level of stress was positively associated with the number of siblings, parental conflicts, the age of the mother and the number of rooms in the household. There was decreased level of stress among female adolescents (n=474; 59.3%) who had prior information about pubertal body changes than the boys (n=326; 40.8%).
Conclusion: The study showed that stress among adolescents can be reduced by modifying socio-economic
and demographic factors.

Javed F, Tenenbaum HC, Nogueira-Filho G, Qayyum F, Correa FO, Al-Hezaimi K, Samaranayake LP. Severity of Periodontal Disease in Individuals Chewing Betel Quid With and Without Tobacco. Am J Med Sci. 2012 Nov 14. [Epub ahead of print] 

PMID:23249882

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The deleterious effects of chewing betel quid (BQ) with or without tobacco on periodontal health are poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and extent of periodontal disease among individuals chewing BQ with and without tobacco. METHODS:: One hundred twenty individuals (70 BQ chewers: 35 with tobacco and 35 without tobacco) and 50 control individuals (non-chewers) were included in this study. Sociodemographic data and information regarding BQ chewing habit were collected using a questionnaire. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured. Numbers of missing teeth were recorded and marginal bone loss was measured on panoramic radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS:: The socioeconomic status of subjects in the control group was significantly higher as compared with those chewing BQ either with or without tobacco. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were greater in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Subjects chewing BQ with tobacco had fewer teeth than those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Marginal bone loss was higher in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. CONCLUSIONS:: The severity of periodontal disease is enhanced in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco as compared with those chewing BQ without tobacco. Subjects with a low socioeconomic status and poor education are significantly more likely than others to develop periodontal disease.

Al-Hezaimi K, Rudek I, Al-Hamdan KS, Javed F, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Wang HL. J Periodontol. 2012 Oct 22. [Epub ahead of print]

Efficacy of Acellular Dermal Matrix and Coronally Advanced Flaps for the Treatment of Induced Gingival Recession Defects: A Histomorphometric Study in Dogs.

Abstract

Background: Gingival recession (GR) defects can be treated by various methods including acellular dermal matrix (ADM) or by coronally advanced flaps (CAF). The aim of this histomorphometric experiment was to compare the efficacy of ADM and CAF for treating GR defects in dogs. Materials and methods: In eight beagle dogs, a critical size labial GR defect was surcically induced on bilateral maxillary cuspids under general anesthesia. Test-sites received ADM and CAF and control-sites underwent CAF-treatment alone. Plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) and gingival index (GI) were measured at 4- weeks (baseline), 8-weeks and 16-weeks. Width of keratinized gingiva (KG) was determined at baseline and at 16-weeks. Depth of recession and width of GR below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) was also determined. After 4-months, animals were sacrificed and jaw blocks were histomorphometrically assessed for tissue thickness, distance from stent to the gingival margin and to the CEJ. Results: At 4-, 8- and 16-week intervals, there was no significant difference in the BI, GI and PI at the test- and control-sites. At 16-weeks, thickness of KG was significantly higher at the control-sites than test-sites (P<0.01). There was no difference in the midfacial recession depth and recession width at the test- and control-sites at baseline and before euthanasia (16-week). Histomorphometrically, there was no significant difference in tissue thicknesses and distances from the stent to the gingival margin and CEJ in the test- and control-sites. Conclusions: ADM might yield similar results to CAF alone and could decrease the amount of KG.

 

Javed F, Tenenbaum HC, Nogueira-Filho G, Nooh N, O'Bello Correa F, Warnakulasuriya S, Dasanayake AP, Al-Hezaimi K.

Periodontal Inflammatory Conditions Among Gutka-Chewers and Non-Chewers With and Without Prediabetes.

Background: It is known that gutka-chewing jeopardizes periodontal health; however, severity of periodontal inflammation in gutka-chewers with and without prediabetes remains unknown. The aim was to investigate the association of periodontal inflammatory conditions with gutka-chewing and pre-diabetes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the effect of gutka use on periodontal health was investigated among 44 individuals with prediabetes and 44 without prediabetes. Demographic information regarding age, sex, duration of prediabetes and gutka-chewing habits was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal inflammatory conditions (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], marginal bone loss [MBL]), and fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL) were recorded. Group differences in periodontal inflammatory parameters were tested using univariate and multivariable analyses (alpha ≤ 5%). Results: Periodontal inflammatory parameters (PI, BOP, and PD) were significantly higher in prediabetic subjects irrespective of the gutka-chewing habit (p<0.05). Odds of periodontal inflammation in prediabetic individuals were 9 times higher compared to healthy controls (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 3.4-23.6). Gutka chewing alone, chewing among prediabetics and chewing among healthy controls did not statistically significantly increase the odds of periodontal inflammatory conditions. Prediabetics were statistically significantly more likely to have periodontal inflammation as compared to non-prediabetics even after controlling for sex and gutka-chewing (OR=13.2; 95% CI = 4.3 - 40.7). Conclusions: In medically-healthy individuals, periodontal inflammatory conditions are worse in gutka-chewers as compared to non-chewers; whereas in patients with prediabetes, the severity of periodontal inflammation is governed by hyperglycemia as opposed to habitual gutka usage.

Javed F, Correa FO, Nooh N, Almas K, Romanos GE, Al-Hezaimi K. Orofacial Manifestations in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Med Sci. 2012 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to review the orofacial manifestations in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

METHODS:

Indexed databases were explored using various combinations of the following keywords: "sickle cell anemia," "sickle cell disease," "oral health status" and "dental inflammation."

RESULTS:

Hypoxia has been associated with osteomyelitis of the jaws, particularly the mandible in patients with SCD. Bone marrow hyperplasia in these patients causes depression of nasal bridge, midfacial overgrowth and malocclusion. Mental nerve neuropathy due to osteomyelitis of the mandible causes numbness in the lower lip and chin. A diminished blood supply to teeth causes necrosis of the dental pulp in patients with SCD. Dental caries is a common manifestation in patients with SCD, particularly in those with underprivileged living standards. The association between SCD and periodontal inflammatory conditions remains unclear.

CONCLUSIONS:

Oral health problems in patients with SCD are rare and occur mainly as a result of the poor oral hygiene maintenance.